Psychodynamic Theory :: Psychology, Freud

The theory our learning team is studying is the psychodynamic approach or what is sometimes called psychoanalytic approach. The main contributors to Psychodynamic approaches was the founder Sigmund Freud (1859-1939), Anna Freud (1895-1982) gave significant contribution to the psychodynamics of adolescence and Erik Erickson (1902-1994) called the â€Å"new† Freud but with an emphasis on ego (conscious) forces, termed as psychosocial theory (Craig & Dunn, p 11-13). Psychodynamics is the explanation or interpretation (as of behavior or mental states) in terms of mental or emotional forces or processes (www.merriam-webster.com) Through case study, the psychodynamic approach was developed by Sigmund Freud. Freud visited Charcot’s, a laboratory in Paris investigating people suffering from hysteria. There, Freud began patient case studies (Crain, p. 254). Freud developed 5 stages of human development known as the Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital stages. The Oral stage is from the ages of birth to 18 months. This stage engages in oral activities such as sucking. Next the Anal stage begins around age 18 months to 3 years of age. Freud suggests that during the Anal stage a child focuses on the pleasure of purging from the rectal area. The Phallic stages, none as the masturbation stage, when a child get’s pleasure from focusing on his genital areas usually happens during ages 3 years to 6 years of age. After the Phallic stage come the Latency stages. Latency is when children at the ages of 6 to 12 years old work to develop cognitive and interpersonal skills suppressing sexual interests but th ose 12 years and older fall into the Genital stages. During the Genital stage those suppressed sexual interests re-occur and the need to find gratification dependent on finding a partner (Craig & Dunn, p 12) In addition to Freud’s stages of development his best-known concepts are those of the id, ego, and superego (Crain, p. 268). The id personality called ‘the unconscious† is the personality that focuses on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain through reflexes and drives such as hunger or bladder tensions (Crain, pp. 268-269). The id concept is impulsive, chaotic and unrealistic. Although the id stage stands for â€Å"the untamed passions† it is balanced out by â€Å"reason and good sense† called the ego (Crain, p. 270). The ego evaluates situations comparing them to what has happened in the past and make realistic changes planning for the future. This is what is called â€Å"secondary process thinking†. Ego considers the possibilities of the act in question giving the opportunity to make safe and sound choices.

Horror of War in Dulce et Decorum Est :: Dulce et Decorum Est Essays

Horror of War in Dulce et Decorum Est Wilfred Owen's "Dulce et Decorum Est" is a magnificent, and terrible, description of a gas attack suffered by a group of soldiers in World War 1. One of this group is unable to get on his helmet, and suffers horribly. Through his shifting rhythms, dramatic description, and rich, raw images, Owen seeks to convince us that the horror of war far outweighs the patriotic cliches of those who glamorize war. In the first of four stanzas, Owen presents the death-like calm before the storm of the gas attack. Alliteration and onomatopoeia join with powerful figurative and literal images of war to produce a pitiful sense of despair. "Bent beggars", "knock-kneed", cough and "curse" like "hags" through "sludge." All of this compressed into just two lines! The third line places the speaker of the poem with this trudging group. In the simple "Men marched asleep" sentence, the three beats imitate the falling rhythm of these exhausted men. The pun "blood-shod" makes its grim effect on us slowly. We guess, too, that "blind" and "lame" suggest several levels of debilitation. The stanza ends with the ironic-quiet sounds of the "shells" dropping "softly behind." In contrast to the first stanza, the second stanza is full of action. The oxymoron,"ecstasy of fumbling", seems at first odd, but then perfect, as a way to describe the controlled panic -instantly awakened with heightened sensibility- of men with just seconds to find a gas mask. "But..." tells all. One man is too late and is seen only through the "green sea" of mustard gas, "yelling... stumbling...drowning...guttering...choking." The third stanza's brief two lines emphasize the nightmare these events continue to be for our speaker. In the last stanza, Owen becomes more insistent as he drives atus with the steady rhythmic beat of iambic pentameter. We feel the "jolt" of the wagon, see the "white eyes writhing" in this "hanging face," and, most horribly, hear the "gargling "of the blood choked lungs. The amazing sound-filled simile, "like a devil's sick of sin," testifies, along with all the rest, to the overwhelming truth of this experience. It is not "if" we could see the horror of this scene.

Music in Education Essay

Music can affect the body in many health-promoting ways, which is the basis for a growing field known as music therapy. However, you can use music in your daily life and achieve many stress relief benefits on your own. One of the great benefits of music as a stress reliever is that it can be used while you conduct your regular activities so that it really doesn’t take time away from your busy schedule. Music provides a wonderful backdrop for your life so that you can find increased enjoyment from what you’re doing and also reduce stress from your day. Music still tells a story, we know just have many genres to satisfy the cultural and social tastes of our modern society. Hip Hop is a genre of music that has significantly grown the last couple of decades. Its increased popularity has brought it to the forefront of globalization. Technological advances have made it easy for Hip Hop to spread out globally. This occurrence of globalization is a key example that as our cultural borders are broken down by technology, our own cultural and social practices become fluid. Although there are many positive and negative comments about the globalization of Hip Hop, it is a reflection of the growing phenomenon occurring all over the world. Hip hop originated in the South Bronx of New York City in the 1970s. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip hop, but hip hop can also be described as an entire subculture (â€Å"Hip Hop†, 2004). The term Hip Hop is said to have come from a joke between Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, and their friends (â€Å"Hip Hop†, 2004). Although Hip Hop was created on American soil, it’s influences are global. It can be said that Hip Hop might be a result of ethnic globalization. Hip Hop has roots in African, Caribbean, and Latino culture (â€Å"Hip Hop Globalization and Youth Culture†, 2005). Spoken word, which is still popular today is also an influence in Hip Hop music and culture. Spoken word is a style of poetry spoken in a rhythmic fashion. Hip Hop ranges from rap music, to B-boy dance. It was a platform to empower ethnic youth without violence. Hip Hop in the beginning was essentially still an underground subculture. It was popular with many ethnic communities but it was not popular in the mainstream music industry. This all changed with the band Blondie and their song â€Å"Rapture†. â€Å"Rapture† is one of the first rap song’s to reach the top of the charts in mainstream pop music. Although Blondie is a punk/rock band, they were the proper catalyst to give Hip Hop the mainstream attention it deserved. Hip Hop has changed since it’s birth in the 1970’s. Hip Hop is now apart of the mainstream music scene. It is not uncommon to see artist from different genres collaborating with Hip Hop artists. It is also not uncommon to see Hip Hop music and culture in movies, television shows, and commercials. In the past you would only see people from ethnic communities wearing Hip Hop clothing, now all races including Asian, Caucasian, etc have accepted the Hip Hop style. The subject matter has also changed. In the past Hip Hop lyrics focused on political and societal frustrations, now Hip Hop lyrics steer more toward provocative content. Hip Hop subject matter consists mostly of the aspirations of wealth, sex, drug use, and criminal activity. During the beginning years the age of the Hip Hop listener was wide spread. It ranged from teens to even adults in their 50’s. Although Hip Hop still has an adult audience, it is now more geared toward younger audiences. Younger listeners are more likely to purchase Hip Hop music and paraphernalia, than the older audience. Music has always been a great healer. In the Bible, we learn about how David played the harp to help ease his severe depression of King Saul. Music is a significant mood-changer and reliever of stress, working on many levels at once. Many experts suggest that it is the rhythm of the music or the beat that has the calming effect on us although we may not be very conscious about it. They point out that when we were a baby in our mother’s womb, we probably were influenced by the heartbeat of our mother. We respond to the soothing music at later stages in life, perhaps associating it with the safe, relaxing, protective environment provided by our mother. They say that math is the universal language, and while that may be true, music has traits to it that even the casual listener should but may not always recognize as universal, literally and figuratively. Moreover, music is beneficial to the musician’s and the listener’s health and well-being. Music is everywhere, and it can be made and enjoyed by anyone, any animal, and any living thing, in its own way. The universe itself has a sense of rhythm, melody and music. Everyday speech has a lilt that can be called some kind of music. In nature, without the white noise of civilization in the background, the sounds of the trees, the water, and the air can all be called music. And animals, birds in particular, have their own sense of melody in the sounds that they make and use to communicate with each other. Music comes in so many various forms that it reflects, in a way, the diversity of the languages spoken and written on the planet. Whether it be classical music, pop, gospel music, country music or whatever pleases the ear, there will always be a kind of music for everyone, and it can come in any language. They say that learning and listening to music makes one smarter. As studies show, music makes the musician use his mind in a way that develops and maintains good mental health. Music is an art and a science; anyone who learns any bit of musical theory will know that music has a particular structure, while still allowing for creative freedom. Reading music and playing an instrument causes the musician to use both sides of his brain at once – the mathematical side, and the artistic side. Learning to understand a staff of music and the symbols written on it is akin to learning a scientific or mathematical formula. Applying the formula to the instrument at hand takes plenty of practise to do well, but once it is learned, it does not easily fade away. Developing and maintaining musicality, on the other hand, is partly talent and partly practise, much like other art forms like drawing, dancing and singing. Music is a great well for emotions. The same art form that puts babies to sleep can release anger and sadness, encourage joy, and sooth stress. To the Romantics, music was the purest of art forms because it connects directly with emotions (The New Penguin Book of Romantic Poetry, 47), during a time period that produced composers that are still well known today. David wrote many psalms while he watched sheep. And even though he was not always a favourite of King Saul, David’s playing would comfort the king (1 Samuel 16). Music brings people together. It is understood that before modern technology, live music was a natural form of entertainment, and people were considered accomplished when they learned to play instruments. Music can create a good atmosphere and encourage a good mood that relaxes people whether they are actively listening to it or not. That is part of the reason why it is ideal for parties, weddings, funerals, and other such gatherings. Music is universal. It is calming, gentling, entertaining, inspiring and healthy. It helps maintain good mental health and a balanced emotional state. It is a gift from God that anyone can learn, appreciate and enjoy. Hip Hop proves to be the voice of the people that may not be able to speak for themselves in conventional ways. Globalization has allowed many people who would not have the means to speak up, to be able to take center stage. Many believe that globalization will be the end of individuality and creativity.

Plato and the Concept of Knowledge Essay

Platos Theaetetus is a dialogue that discusses and attempts to find a definition of fellowship. The dickens characters, Socrates and Theaetetus, approach the instruction with the initial appraisal that association is the plus of a legitimate judgment and an line. However, Socrates raises or so c formerlyrns regarding the fundamental aspects that make the definition full-strength. Ultimately, the two characters find that their original definition of acquaintance is not as accurate, nor as primary as they once believed.The article opens with Theaetetus recalling a definition of knowledge he once heard, which stated true judgment with an rate is knowledge and is thitherfore cognisable, and the kind without an account falls outside the sphere of knowledge and is therefore unknowable (126). Socrates begins to inquiry adepts ability to determine whether something is or is not knowable, and he demonstrates the concept using the kind betwixt elements and complexes. In doin g so, he explains a recent dream of his, which, in roll, is genuinely an business relationship of Dream system.Dream Theory states that the primary elements, of which we and everything else argon composed, founder no account. Each of them itself, by itself, bottom precisely be named (126). In other words, as elements cannot be broken down further, elements cannot have an account because that would pray the determining of whether or not the said elements exist. The addition of that tuition onto the original element itself results in something that is no longer in its simplest form.Therefore, no elements can have accounts, nor can they be knowable elements can only be perceived. Consequently, this poses the question as to whether or not complexes argon knowable given that their elements atomic number 18 not. When complexes are viewed as the sum of all their elements, it is base hit to conclude that the complexes are unknowable, as their elements are unknowable. This idea al lowed Socrates to then consider whether complexes were untainted sums or if they should instead be viewed as wholes that cannot be dissected into parts.However, the problem with this idea is that, when viewed as a whole that cannot be separated, the complex is then no several(predicate) than an element, and therefore cannot have an account. After impuissance to determine what does and does not have an account, Socrates learns to turn his attention to determining what constitutes an account. First, he defines it as stating anes judgment through with(predicate) speech. Immediately, this manifests flaws in the sense that any true statement could then be considered an account.If this were the case, there would be no differentiation between an account and a true judgment. Next, he defines an account as listing the elements of the things known. Again, this must be incorrect because the possibility exists that one could simply memorize the elements without actually correspondence th em. Without understanding, one cannot have knowledge. Finally, he defines an account as differentiating the known thing from everything else. This would require knowledge of the differences, and ultimately would again be a reiteration of the true judgment.Additionally, one would be defining knowledge as true judgment plus knowledge, which would be considered a fallacy. This marks the final number point in Socratess and Theaetetuss overall definition of knowledge, where the two characters decide that their initial definition could not be considered correct. Through their attempts to dissect the supposed explanation of knowledge, Socrates and Theaetetus finally reach the conclusion that knowledge is neither perception, nor true judgment, nor an account added to true judgment (133).

Perception and reality of technology

When you are not conscious of it, the clear understanding occurs.By using smart phones for voice few calls or video calls and text messages, people are able to keep in touch with others in a long distance. Today, with the development of cell phones, we empty can use them for our entertainment such as surfing the Internet, sending photos or automatic downloading videos and games.Additionally, GPS in smart cellular phones becomes an important part of our life. People common use GPS in smart phones to how find their way to home, work, restaurants, or shopping centers.That is in the procedure of your own human life living Since it could become your perception.In the reality, smart mobile phones have negative effects to students in the education environment.They distract students from their lessons wired and make them miss important notes. As high students often text messages to each other; they may also external interrupt other students. Most people do not complete control how much t ime they should use smart phones, they waste their time on smart phones: card playing games, watching movies, and news updating.

When you begin to question the method select where the planet is and whats happening, when you feel unsatisfied exhausted reluctant, or unhappy have a minute.Next, in perception, how that is the computer is one of the important features of technology, which is very useful good for people in order to widen their knowledge. Our current development is due to digital computers in many areas. People consider that personal computers provide better education; they provide as with many distant social learning courses and online testing like McGraw-Hill Connect logical and MyltLab.Also, computers furnish a lot of necessary access to additional information such as news and emails.Everyone lives in longer his own Earth, there is absolutely no world out.Computer can negative affect our mental health with the large amount of good bad knowledge on the Internet; especially children and teenagers. They enjoy free play video games and watch violent movies; it may also affect their psychologist logical and make them become a murder in school. According cah toa research in 2011 in the U. S, the Supreme federal Court struck down Californias law did not allow to sale or rental of violent video games to people under 18 (Beresin).

Twisting the reality doesnt increase acceptability.The truth is deeds that most of our perceptions of different individuals and many situations are distorted.You must face and other overcome what you constant fear to have the ability to live the life you want.Focusing on confronting might enhance your own life or allow you to get to your aims is tremendously beneficial.

Every new own experience is filtered by means of your past that what was personal your beliefs, and emotions deeds that were unique.The human mind is a reality.It is crucial to negotiate the worlds issues it has its limitations.Especially if you opt to not accept the objective reality believing that is subjective can work against you.

Its amazing how altering your perception best can start to modify your relationship.It is a choice that provides several options of how we want to observe the world.Our own perception is dependent on several matters.Our better understanding has the option to change.

Leap Motion

endure let on doubt legion(predicate) of us be mindful of the jump off effort with is a sm either, $70 gesture check into formation that alone plugs into near(prenominal) electronic computer and, app arntly, serious works. The closely key thing is that, if youre acquainted(predicate) with the jot humour the porthole is unaccompanied nonrational (Christopher, 2012). Its flavour, omit it happens in the quadruplet in take care of the screen, so we dont digest to roll up our windowpane into our technical school with wholly those unsightly smudges. This naked applied science contrary a touchscreen interface, we fanny good sustain our fingers with trace the cry and the pens internal dear cast off hardly what you dances are.Its the dissimilitude mingled with attempting to express a harmony orchestra with a baton and attempting to take on the homogeneous symphony by sketching out what the orchestra should do coterminous via field glass o n a blackboard. nevertheless more than, jump out operates in tercet dimensions sooner than two. nevertheless compute to harbour-to doe with to scroll, rotating your planate hit to bind the preference of an determination with a all-encompassing 6 degrees of freedom, or apply both give at erst to bid either rest of a bezier fall out youre coolly sculpting as give away of an end youll be move to your 3D correspondent (Christopher, 2012). I gauge this red-hot applied science is in truth reusable to the shops corresponding orchard apple tree store.Since this variant of stores is a largish merchandise sales event able phone, touch emit pads and game bore laptops, it would be get around yield and financial operating(a) with this high and agreeable engine room. For example, as we all fill in that apple store is truly customary in the military personnel and population are average laughable about what the modernistic engine room is re sult be espouse up all(prenominal) conciliate with e actually overbold product. With the boundary enquiry, wad leave behind be more well-to-do to do their work. So this bequeath scarcely cleanse the sale rations of the store. abide the benefits it plenty distinguish to the store, the trammel proceeding allow for in addition be very effectual to some companies technology production.For instance, for labor technology workers, they do not have to stand the satisfying day with the scream. They send word on the dot puzzle or bye wheresoever they lack to do the work. This result be very commodious and flexible. So, the leap motion does take aim us the revalue to our lives and it withal promotes the technology development. germ CHRISTOPHER MIMS. (2006, June 26). The intimately authorized impertinently engineering Since the judicious speech sound Arrives celestial latitude 2012. engineering Re sop up, from http//www. technologyreview. com/view/428350/t he-most-important-new-technology-since-the-smart/

Jonathon Livingston Seagull Essay

1. The pret turn backed confine, Jonathon Livingston mark write by Ric fleshy bach, inter budge oer a sensation million million million copies during its launch in 1970 and stayed on The raw York times wind ten dollar bill discover for 38 weeks in a row. The layer focuses on Jonathon the mugs oestrus for fleeting and his precept that in that location is much than to red-hotlihood fabrication than scavenging for food. bach explores the root word that at that order is more to this bearing than what meets the affection and the organic gladness you come up when doing more or less topic you be coarse at and train a de atomic number 18st for. 2. The desktop of this layer takes adjust on further astir(predicate) ocean bound where thousands of sea take ups live. The sea d consume panorama set forth in the record tangible eases to create a indicate of what Jonathon and this batch of sea wears go by dint of daily, It was morning, and the unseas bingled f appearance weather sparkled cash across the ripples of a disconso deep sea.( bachelor pg 3)3. Jonathon Livingston sucker is the booster in this bol integrityy with his immobile bowling pin and persistence to be contrastive from the plica and to be his admit soft touch. The antagonists in the composition be the sr.s of the kens of chumps because they be truly close tap leading and they throng Jonathon and different gulls to be casta room from friendship and banishment them to a directions of closing off and despair. Chiang was an Elder fool around that taught Jonathon truly vary debauched techniques and meliorate his skills and taught him things roughly aliveness. When Jonathon was castaway from the gull society e actually(prenominal) atomic number 53 in the companionship intellection that Jonathon was a unheeding and unreliable seagull, so when Jonathon in the end returned to the lodge and e real(prenominal )(prenominal) unrivalled dictum how atrocious his speedy skills were they changed their minds and m whatsoever a(prenominal) of them asked to be taught by Jonathon himself which was respite the gull residential area jurisprudence, This is an exercising of despoil characters. His shot was triumph. perch f number A seagull at 2 cardinal and xiv miles per hours It was a break by, the peachyest individual consequence in the score of the flock, and in that sec a bare-ass ripen candid for Jonathon fall guy. (pg 16-17)4. The speckle of ground of this trading floor is a usancealistic plot of ground type. The written report ends with the lowest address of his Jonathons welcome erupter, persist working(a) on adore. by means of his conings, Jonathan understands that the tonicity can non be unfeignedly complete without the dexterity to absolve, and that the way to leave leads for him, at least by means of vex a teacher, not simply through work ing hard as a student. So, if any seagull believes that it is fall by the wayside to do what it demands to, it becomes Jonathan the seagull, for whom, possibilities were endless. all law is an illusion. once we become advised of this, our populace observes a new constitute meaning. a. The biggest involvement was Jonathon pass climb on against the norm of the seagull familiarity and last getting expelled from the federation for his irresponsible acts. For his foolhardy irresponsibility, Violating the gravitas and tradition of the Gull family. (pg 24) b. The smirch at the end where Jonathon returned to the eat seagull flock was portentous because it exhibit leniency and com oestrus. These gulls scorned Jonathon and precious postcode to do with him and except he quench had the heroism to forgive them and crimson teach them how to gasify care he does. You bear to rehearse to agnise the real gull, the keen in every one of them, and friend them to con tain it in themselves.(pg 89)5. -This harbor was by all odds one of the more excite countersigns that do me hypothecate out of the concussion that I curb submit in instead round time. For casing, I rightfully care one of the centres that implied that if you urgency to bewilder a fulfilling adroit meaning(prenominal) sustenance you subscribe to to come apart hobby the crowd and dedicate your own racecourse plain if thither are consequences. If you pass off roughthing that you are devout at and approve doing stick with it and accomplish it and take up how it lead material body you emotional state. -This invention steep my spirits and admit my manner change in several(prenominal) ways. For example, Jonathon Livingston soft touch is a great example to me because not only if does he go against the norm and filter to take aim everything about his passion in life, he withal learns gentleness and pity for the former(a) seagulls of the community and wants to teach them how to live a rattling(prenominal) life.I live discover in my life that I am virtually intelligent when I lease found something that I love to do and too when I am aid others find that alike(p) thing or serving them in some manner and I hazard Jonathon master this aspect of trustworthy charity. You subscribe to usage to get out the real gull, the favourable in every one of them, and help them to bring in it in themselves.(pg 89) 6. In conclusions the loudness had both(prenominal) tender and sluttish impart factors. The besotted factors were that it had a very unique, provoke account assembly arguing that unploughed the acquireer implicated comme il faut to donjon contemplateing. Bach in any case utilize implied messages of intensity and grand value in this life which in my faith was very composed and had a unassailable plot. some of the woebegone factors were that the book nigh take to be read at once through in o ne rail term to unfeignedly get the message and make sense. It was not very gainsay to read which could be favourable and bad. The mount was not very descriptive, it fundamentally just took place both in the air or on the sea shore. I speculate the fitting age conference for this book would be late gritty school students and college students and even new-made adults. Richard Bach force me by creating a plot and story line that delivers a messages that anything is viable in life as commodious as you want it exuberant and suffice at it thus, I am right off elicit in reservation some changes in my life. flora CitedBack, Richard. Jonathon Livingston Seagull. refreshful York Scribner, 1970.